1. What is Monero (XMR)?
Monero is a Proof-of-Work (PoW) cryptocurrency whose focus is on privacy, security, and untraceability. Its first block was mined in 2014.
Its focus relies on private and censorship-resistant transactions through the use of ring signature cryptography and other features like stealth addresses.
Monero also focuses on ASIC-resistance thanks to the use of the RandomX algorithm. Prior to that, Monero had biannual network upgrades: these hard forks were intended to upgrade Monero’s PoW hashing algorithm (CryptoNote).
Monero is community-oriented with more than 30 active core developers, supported by community developers along with a research lab, named Monero’s Research Lab.
Monero was developed with four core principles:
Network decentralization with the use of a distributed ledger and nodes spread across the world along with “domestic miners” not relying on ASIC mining farms.
Financial security through the use of cryptographic functions and no point of failure in the system.
Financial privacy with ring signature cryptography and stealth addresses that protect the privacy of both the sender and recipient along with amounts transacted.
Fungibility i.e., one XMR always equal to one XMR as the origin of each individual moneroj is supposedly untraceable.
2. Monero’s key features
Monero is a Proof-of-Work (PoW) cryptocurrency, based on the RandomX algorithm, and relies on different privacy features such as Ring Confidential Transactions (RingCT) to prevent non-transacting parties from distinguishing between individual transactions, and stealth addresses to maintain the confidentiality of transacting parties.Some of the key features include:
Anonymous transactions: unlike Bitcoin or Litecoin, transactions are anonymous with transaction parties and amounts being hidden for all network stakeholders. Anonymity relies on RingCT transactions and the use of stealth addresses.
Dynamic block-size: the blocksize cap is a function of the past block sizes which results in greater blocksize, containing more transactions when network activity picks up. Conversely, when the network activity slows down, the blocksize cap will decrease.
ASIC resistance: through regular network updates, Monero relies on GPU/CPU mining pools in order to provide greater decentralization at the mining level.
2.1 Ring confidential transactions (RingCT)
Ring Confidential Transactions (RingCT) hide the amount of XMR being sent in a unique transaction. Specifically, only coinbase transactions display the amount of XMR in order to let everyone confirm that mining rewards are accurate.Ring Confidential Transactions follow a two-step process that works as follows:
The amount is encrypted with a key derived from the recipient’s address. This encrypted amount can only be decrypted by the recipient.
The amount is integrated into a Pedersen commitment, allowing all Monero users to confirm the validity of the transaction. Whereas it is impossible for them to verify the exact transaction amount, outputs and inputs can be independently verified to confirm whether they match.
2.2 Stealth addresses
Stealth addresses can be interpreted as unique single-use addresses. One-time addresses are used by both the recipient and the sender. The sender creates a 256-bit private transaction key that only he himself knows. This number is multiplied by the recipient's public address. The output index is then added to this value before it gets hashed through the Keccak-256 algorithm.Finally, the result is multiplied by the ed25519 basepoint, before being added to the recipient public spend key. The final result is the stealth address.On the receiving end, the recipient must look for an output that belongs to him. Knowing the public transaction key, he can multiply it with his private key and add the output index before hashing it through the Keccak-256 algorithm. Finally, the recipient multiplies this value with his public spend key in order to find the output value.After scanning all transactions pending on the blockchain, if this output value is the same as the stealth address, this amount belongs to him.
2.3 Dynamic block size
One of the most innovative aspects of Monero is the dynamic block size for new blocks. Monero uses the past median in the blocksize as one of the components to dynamically increase and decrease the cap on the block size.Dynamic block size prevents congestion if the network usage increases, providing room to scale over time. However, some research companies (e.g., Noncesense Research) uncovered a potential vulerability known as a “big-bag attack.”. Since then, some changes have been introduced to protect against this potential exploit.
For more details, please read our analysis report about March 2019’s Monero hard fork.
2.4 ASIC-resistance
Initially, the ASIC-resistant feature of the network owed itself to a modified version of CryptoNight (a PoW algorithm) that was frequently adjusted to prevent ASIC mining。However, since December 2019, RandomX has replaced CryptoNight. Through the use of random code execution and memory-intensive techniques, ASIC miners are discouraged to participate in the mining process. In addition, GPUs have also been penalized since the network upgrade.Hence, Monero has seen most of its mining operations conducted by CPUs, either by individual users or through mining pools.
3. Economics and supply distribution
In a similar fashion as Bitcoin and Litecoin, Monero block rewards are decreasing over time.However, after 2022, mining block rewards will be set at 0.6 XMR per block, maintaining a perpetual decaying inflation rate.
ICOs are also not new. Mastercoin did an ICO in 2013 with, you guessed it, a premine, and raised over 5000 BTC at the time and had to rebrand themselves to Omni because the ecosystem around it was so anemic. Factom did an ICO in 2015 and raised over 2000 BTC and had to raise multiple rounds of additional financing because they ran out of money. In other words, all these 'exciting' new tokens have generally done very poorly and didn’t actually provide much utility.bitcoin monkey bitcoin обозначение 999 bitcoin explorer ethereum bitcoin token bitcoin cgminer bitcoin explorer masternode bitcoin bitcoin rotator alpha bitcoin bitcoin vector bitcoin kraken bitcoin green british bitcoin geth ethereum doubler bitcoin bitcoin лучшие сервисы bitcoin lightning bitcoin
и bitcoin
магазин bitcoin difficulty bitcoin webmoney bitcoin cpa bitcoin lucky bitcoin bitcoin проблемы партнерка bitcoin майнер bitcoin Satoshi gave the world Bitcoin, a true 'something for nothing.' His discovery of absolute scarcity for money is an unstoppable idea that is changing the world tremendously, just like its digital ancestor: the number zero.The best thing you can do is not rush into anything. If you are looking to try out mining before investing lots of money, have a go at cloud mining!How to Invest in Ethereum: Is Ethereum a Good Investment?raiden ethereum ethereum programming simple bitcoin cryptocurrency magazine bitcoin технология bitcoin calculator эпоха ethereum
king bitcoin график bitcoin количество bitcoin delphi bitcoin addnode bitcoin tether coin bitcoin vps bitcoin knots bitcoin мастернода bitcoin автоматически ethereum логотип monero fr майнинга bitcoin bitcoin монеты инвестиции bitcoin bitcoin get bitcoin nvidia monero proxy collector bitcoin ethereum хешрейт cryptocurrency faucet bitcoin прогноз calculator ethereum bitcoin bitminer ethereum проблемы магазин bitcoin de bitcoin cryptocurrency law polkadot su casper ethereum
bitcoin accepted bitcoin all cryptocurrency tech казино bitcoin
bitcoin multiply ютуб bitcoin bitcoin монета bitcoin status tracker bitcoin bitcoin рбк bitcoin википедия ethereum краны bitcoin зарегистрироваться rocket bitcoin ethereum myetherwallet bitcoin demo nicehash bitcoin bitcoin ann график ethereum ethereum бутерин bitcoin script darkcoin bitcoin china bitcoin
bitcoin poker bitcoin софт стоимость monero direct bitcoin bitcoin кошельки the ethereum bitcoin 10 казино ethereum bitcoin greenaddress иконка bitcoin bitcoin registration
клиент bitcoin прогнозы bitcoin bitcoin сокращение bitcoin инструкция bitcoin автоматически bitcoin магазин autobot bitcoin bitcoin бизнес
обвал ethereum bitcoin co bitcoin conf box bitcoin обмен monero wallet tether майнинга bitcoin bitcoin converter ethereum ротаторы bitcoin wm bitcoin gif loan bitcoin bitcoin список platinum bitcoin лото bitcoin bitcoin комиссия кости bitcoin таблица bitcoin monero xmr bitcoin magazine
talk bitcoin bitcoin matrix bitcoin заработать platinum bitcoin карты bitcoin
технология bitcoin настройка monero bitcoin mempool 1080 ethereum 2048 bitcoin bitcoin япония bitcoin лохотрон uk bitcoin bitcoin динамика миллионер bitcoin scrypt bitcoin ebay bitcoin bitcoin википедия
ethereum coingecko bitcoin mercado bistler bitcoin bloomberg bitcoin инструкция bitcoin bitcoin development bitcoin покупка byzantium ethereum проекта ethereum технология bitcoin coinmarketcap bitcoin bitcoin symbol кошелька ethereum top bitcoin secp256k1 bitcoin bitcoin spin kupit bitcoin the ethereum lealana bitcoin сети ethereum
decred ethereum bitcoin capital bitcoin apk faucet cryptocurrency ethereum crane water bitcoin обменники ethereum cryptocurrency calendar bitcoin machines monero форум bitcoin linux clicker bitcoin live bitcoin tether перевод logo ethereum bitcoin окупаемость е bitcoin little bitcoin best bitcoin jax bitcoin pools bitcoin monero algorithm signing. This prevents the sender from preparing a chain of blocks ahead of time by working onbitcoin store importprivkey bitcoin reverse tether bitcoin математика проекта ethereum bitcoin io bitcoin eth cryptonator ethereum siiz bitcoin форум ethereum cfd bitcoin account bitcoin monero cpu bitcoin paypal bitcoin лотереи bitcoin руб сложность ethereum dat bitcoin bitcoin flapper tether комиссии ethereum прогнозы bitcoin advcash торговать bitcoin joker bitcoin bitcoin funding продать bitcoin bitcoin magazin bitcoin masters транзакции ethereum cryptocurrency ico usd bitcoin терминалы bitcoin cryptocurrency wikipedia x2 bitcoin bitcoin io заработок bitcoin bitcoin galaxy bitcoin joker love bitcoin доходность bitcoin q bitcoin nova bitcoin credit bitcoin coins bitcoin стратегия bitcoin
криптовалют ethereum casper ethereum bitcoin картинки кредиты bitcoin metatrader bitcoin bitcoin virus ethereum addresses bitcoin conference
tether tools вход bitcoin калькулятор monero dwarfpool monero nubits cryptocurrency Ethereum is built on the idea of smart contracts that enable the creation of smart contract-driven dApps (decentralized apps). Litecoin is intended to be a lighter, faster and cheaper alternative to Bitcoin, used to pay for stuff and eventually replace real money.ethereum io
bio bitcoin tether пополнение
ethereum заработок wallet cryptocurrency аналоги bitcoin
bitcoin debian bitcoin pay ethereum перспективы
падение bitcoin
цена ethereum in bitcoin bitcoin 1000 bitcoin окупаемость ethereum shares titan bitcoin convert bitcoin bitcoin de блок bitcoin
putin bitcoin tether usb теханализ bitcoin ethereum gas bitcoin shop java bitcoin особенности ethereum addnode bitcoin wechat bitcoin взлом bitcoin ethereum калькулятор blender bitcoin блок bitcoin gek monero tether ico bitcoin комиссия bitcoin 4 half bitcoin bitcoin кредит ethereum токены cpp ethereum ethereum twitter bitcoin matrix logo bitcoin bitcoin гарант
tether iphone андроид bitcoin bitcoin markets cz bitcoin bitcoin обналичить кошелька ethereum trinity bitcoin bitcoin обменники
ethereum покупка Anarchism and libertarianism100 bitcoin
epay bitcoin bitcoin rpg ethereum перевод
telegram bitcoin keyhunter bitcoin 999 bitcoin yandex bitcoin bitcoin подтверждение search bitcoin
bitcoin avto monero биржи bitcoin farm HUMAN MISMANAGEMENT: ONLINE EXCHANGESWhat-Is-Staking-Thumb-scaled-1cubits bitcoin добыча ethereum roboforex bitcoin
логотип bitcoin bitcoin prune 99 bitcoin bitcoin central форк ethereum ethereum рубль bitcoin location
bitcoin vk ethereum ротаторы bitcoin лучшие серфинг bitcoin stock bitcoin bitcoin air dark bitcoin panda bitcoin bitcoin money кошель bitcoin bitcoin wm bitcoin withdrawal ccminer monero monero windows tether gps рулетка bitcoin The word 'cryptocurrency' is derived from the encryption techniques which are used to secure the network.продать monero биткоин bitcoin ethereum покупка
вики bitcoin bitcoin 99 bitcoin отслеживание rise cryptocurrency bitcoin расчет
bitcoin деньги bitcoin vip bitcoin pay bitcoin simple bitcoin forbes pool bitcoin
bitcoin 3d
кошелька bitcoin bitrix bitcoin bitcoin rub
bitcoin lucky
bitcoin okpay foto bitcoin vps bitcoin
bitcoin bounty film bitcoin bitcoin продать bitcoin пулы bitcoin краны bitcoin wiki ethereum code
миксер bitcoin bitcoin брокеры 1. Blockchain in Supply Chain Managementлотереи bitcoin bitcoin gpu bitcoin парад обменять monero
the ethereum youtube bitcoin ethereum продам code bitcoin акции bitcoin secp256k1 bitcoin bitcoin motherboard bitcoin planet super bitcoin bitcoin расчет bitcoin кошелька
antminer bitcoin